Basic computer components and their functions

Basic computer components and their functions

 

One of the basic components of a computer

• central processing unit (CPU)
• Motherboard 
• random access memory (RAM)
• Video graphics stack port
• Power supply
• cooling fan
• Hard Disk
• display
• keyboard
• the printer
• mouse 

A computer is made up of two basic components, namely hardware and software. Knowing the role and functions of different computer components can help in improving computer skills. Here are the basic components of a computer along with their functions:

Central Processing Unit (CPU): The central processing unit is the primary control center of a computer, it facilitates communication and cooperation between various computer components, hardware, and software, and is usually the most complex and valuable part of the entire system due to its complex design and utility.

Without this component, other parts of the computer would not do any work.

The power supply gives the CPU the power it needs to handle various processes, and these units require regular maintenance, such as cleaning, removing dust, checking the fan and making sure all circuits are connected. The CPU contains circuit boards, memory, and computer RAM.

Motherboard: The motherboard acts as a central electrical circuit by connecting various parts, distributing power according to power requirements, and providing information and instructions through a computer system.

The function of the motherboard is the board that acts on the actual exchange of information and data in the computer system and consists of the CPU, memory, and secondary storage devices. Motherboards are very sensitive and may fail if exposed to high temperatures, pressure, or humidity. Requires maintenance to check for corrosion and electrical connections.

Random Access Memory (RAM):  The memory space that contains temporary data, processes, information, and commands. When you run a program or use an application, it uses RAM to stay active and work optimally. Different types of computers may use different RAM. , the more RAM in a computer, the more processing power and the ability to run different applications simultaneously, in many PCs and laptops, people increase RAM to complete an update in the operating system or other software, Deleting temporary files and turning off the computer regularly after use helps in using RAM efficiently.

Video graphics array port: A video graphics array (VGA) port is a connector typically found in desktop computers and other monitors, usually located on the side or back of the monitor or display and helps share the screen or visuals with another device and may be needed To these cables are special to facilitate this sharing, you may also need to connect a computer or laptop to a monitor, the quality of visual images often depends on the number of connectors in the port.

Newer video cards may not have a VGA output port, and smaller laptops may also omit it due to their compact design, in which case it may be necessary to connect a signal adapter to a monitor.

Power supply: The power supply port supplies the electricity that energizes the entire computer system, usually the power cord is located at the back of the CPU or computer tower and goes directly to the power socket.

Places with variable power supplies may use a UPS or an uninterruptible power supply unit to ensure that fluctuations do not affect the performance of the computer, many modern personal computers have built-in UPSs, and laptops run on removable batteries that require periodic charging . The life cycle of laptop batteries is limited, and their performance decreases after a few years.

Cooling fan: A computer system uses electricity to run which produces heat so all CPUs and laptops have a cooling fan to circulate the air in the internal system and prevent overheating, high-end computers may also have more than one cooling fan to ensure that the user can Use of heavy-duty applications that require high system performance.

Computers and gaming PCs for professional purposes, such as video editing and audio mixing, usually have more than one cooling fan.

Hard disk: Hard disk drives are storage devices that hold files, information, and programs, usually magnetically encapsulated disks that store all of this data digitally, and high-capacity hard disk drives can naturally deliver more data.

External removable storage devices can also be purchased to manage data more efficiently, alternatively data can also be moved to cloud-based storage services and save storage on the system, hard drives are prone to failure, and regular backup of drives is a practice good.

Display Screen: A computer display screen is one that displays various software and system operation, its quality is determined by screen resolution and pixel density, screen performance is usually a top priority for all computer and laptop users, laptop and computer screens emit artificial light that can harm your eyes if exposed For long periods without any interruption, anti-glare film can be pasted on the screen or wearing glasses while using the computer to reduce the effect of this light.

Keyboard: The computer keyword is an important part of the hardware used to enter text, characters, and other important commands, the keyboard contains keys for the alphabets, numbers, and symbols, along with having special keys for specific purposes and commands, on many tablets and virtual computers, the keyboard may be Also virtual, there are different types of keyboards available in the market, but most of them have the same key combination and arrangement.

The keyboard can be wireless or wired, and most keyboards also have backlighting to illuminate the keys and enable users to use the computer at night or in low-light conditions.

Printer: The printer creates a copy of the default text or images on paper using ink, for example, if you make a text report on the computer, several copies of this document can be printed. Most leading computer companies also offer printers. Printers require maintenance, which includes replacing cartridges Toner and toner regularly, remove jammed papers, clean connectors, 3D printers are also available, and you can produce 3D objects with correct code and raw materials.

Computer Mouse: A computer mouse is a small device that controls the cursor and gives input to the system. A mouse can be wired or wireless, has left and right click buttons and usually has a small scroll wheel to help users navigate a long page, mice come in different shapes and sizes and can also be suitable for right- or left-handed individuals, usually requiring Flat surface to work well.

Basic computer functions 

The computer can perform the following set of functions:

• data acceptance
• Saving data
• Data processing as desired
• Restore stored data when needed
• Print the result in the desired format.
• data and information.