Secreted hormones in the body through what

Secreted hormones in the body through what

 

Hormones are secreted in the body by

Endocrine .

Hormones are secreted in the body by the endocrine glands, and each of the hormones in the body causes a different reaction in each organ of the body. Hormones can be secreted from the exocrine glands that release their secretions into ducts and then reach the blood, while the endocrine glands release The hormones are in the tissues and enter the blood through the capillaries.

Hormones are divided into three main types:

They can be simple molecules, which are amines

They can be made up of a more complex chain of amino acids, and make up proteins.

It can be derived from cholesterol, which are steroids

The organ responsible for secreting hormones in the body, the endocrine glands, secretes hormones in the body in a balanced way. If there is a large amount of hormones, what is known as the negative feedback of hormone secretion occurs, until the concentration of hormones decreases, and the endocrine glands return to secreting hormones again.

After the hormones perform their role in the body, they are destroyed and eliminated through tissues in the target organs or in the liver, and are eliminated by the kidneys.

The main glands that secrete hormones in the body:

• Hypothalamus
• the pituitary gland
• Thyroid
• parathyroid glands
• Adrenal
• Pineal gland
• pancreas

Hypothalamus:

The hypothalamus is located in the brain and it is not an endocrine gland, but rather it is the controller of the endocrine gland 's performance , and it sends signals to the pituitary gland mainly to control and control many processes that occur in the body, such as mood, hunger and thirst, sleep pattern, and sexual function.

Pituitary gland:

The pituitary gland is a small gland, but its function is very important in the body. The pituitary gland plays a key role in the secretion of many hormones that control other glands, such as the thyroid gland and the adrenal gland, and it is located at the base of the brain.

Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland in the anterior lobe:

• ACTH: This hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete hormones
• hGH: Growth hormone, which is responsible for bone and muscle growth.
• TSH: A hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone
• FSH: stimulates the growth of follicles in the female, and sperm in the male
• PRL: a hormone that is primarily responsible during pregnancy for the development of breast gland tissue and lactation
• LH: a hormone that causes ovulation in females

The hormones released by the pituitary gland in the posterior lobe of the pituitary are:

• ADH: Anti-diuretic hormone, increases the ability of the kidneys to absorb water
• OT: Oxytocin stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the lamina during labour.

Thyroid :

The thyroid gland is a gland mainly responsible for metabolism in the body.

The hormones secreted by the thyroid gland are:

• Thyroxine: It contains iodine necessary for body growth and metabolism
• Triiodothyronine: functions similar to thyroxine
• Calcitonin: counteracts the action of parathyroid hormone, preventing calcium resorption from bones

Parathyroid glands:

help regulate calcium levels in the body, and increase its concentration in the blood, in order to balance with the hormone calcitonin.

Adrenal Gland : 

There are two adrenal glands in the body above the kidneys. They regulate metabolism, blood pressure, sexual reproduction and stress response.

The hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex:

• Corticosteroids: such as aldosterone, which promotes sodium retention and potassium secretion to maintain the balance of electrolytes in the body.
• Glucocorticoid hormones: help regulate lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
• Alkaline hormones: such as androgens and estrogens.

Adrenal medulla:

It is located in the inner part of the adrenal gland, and it secretes hormones responsible for the body's reaction in cases of panic, and the hormones are associated with increased heart rate, high heart rate, and glucose levels. The hormones are:

• Adrenaline: affects alpha and beta receptors in the nervous system
• Noradrenaline: affects alpha receptors in the nervous system.

Pineal gland : 

It may not be as important as other glands such as the pituitary and thyroid, but it is important in regulating a person's sleep cycle.

Pancreas :

It releases the hormone insulin responsible for regulating sugar in the body, and any defect in it causes diabetes. The pancreas secretes the hormone glucagon, which increases glucose levels in the blood by converting glycogen to glucose.

Ovaries:

They secrete the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone, and each female has two ovaries at the bottom of the pelvis.

Testicles :

The testicles of men produce the male hormone testosterone, which regulates sperm production and secondary sexual characteristics.

The body responsible for releasing hormones

It is the endocrine system.

Hormones are produced in the body through the endocrine system, which consists of glands distributed throughout the body, and each type of hormone has a different function in the body.

The system responsible for secreting hormones consists of different glands, each with a different location in the body:

• Hypothalamus: regulates the work of both the endocrine glands and the nervous system, and controls the work of the endocrine glands
• Pituitary gland : This gland receives signals from the hypothalamus, and the pituitary gland has two lobes, namely the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The posterior lobe produces hormones made by the hypothalamus, and stores them in the posterior lobe until the time of their release, while the anterior lobe produces various hormones.
• Thyroid gland: This gland is essential for metabolic balance
• Adrenal glands : composed of cortex and pulp, the two glands produce hormones responsible for regulating blood pressure and response to stress
• Pancreas: Responsible for producing hormones that control the level of sugar in the blood, and these hormones are insulin and glucagon
• The gonads: the testes in males and the ovaries in women, and the most important hormones produced in the male or female reproductive system are androgens, estrogens and progestins.

Hormones are produced by

Hormones are mainly produced by the endocrine system, and each organ has a different function, and these hormones play an important role in regulating various functions in the body, such as:

• Hormones help regulate mood, growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction
• blood sugar regulation
• Organ growth, improving reproductive organs functions, such as testosterone and estradiol
• Body growth and energy production
• Estrogens are hormones responsible for reproduction and sexual differentiation, and are produced mainly by the ovaries and in small quantities by the adrenal glands.
• Androgens are responsible for male reproductive traits, and are produced by the testes
• The thyroid gland produces two hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, in the bloodstream. These hormones activate cells in the body and regulate biological processes such as growth, reproduction, and basic metabolism.
• The hormones secreted from the pituitary, regulate the other hormones secreted from the rest of the cells, and each hormone has a role in regulating a gland, such as TSH, which stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone

Hormones play a role in the body like lock and key, and when they bind to receptors, they either alter proteins in the cell, or activate new genes that help build a new protein.